Ⅰ.Standardized Startup and Shutdown Procedures (Basic Protection)

1.Pre-Startup Inspection

Walk around the machine to visually inspect the body, tracks/tires, and oil lines for any damage or leaks; check the levels of engine oil, coolant, hydraulic fluid, and fuel, replenishing them immediately if low; verify that the battery connections, lights, horn, and control levers are functioning normally. When starting a cold machine, allow it to idle for 3–5 minutes to warm up; strictly avoid engaging in full-load operations immediately after startup.

2.Proper Shutdown Procedures

Upon completing operations, lower the bucket completely to the ground and retract the arm to release residual hydraulic pressure; park the machine on level, firm ground, avoiding steep slopes or low-lying areas prone to water accumulation; during winter, drain any residual water from the radiator (for models not utilizing antifreeze); for long-term storage, disconnect the negative terminal of the battery.

Ⅱ.Operating Habits (Core Damage Prevention; Minimizing Mechanical Wear)

1.Avoid Abusive Operation

Refrain from violently jerking or pushing the control levers, and avoid frequent sudden stops or sharp turns; strictly prohibit using the side of the bucket to scrape material, prying heavy objects, or towing other vehicles, as this prevents the arm, boom, and pins from becoming deformed under excessive stress.

2.Control Load and Engine Speed

Avoid prolonged overload operations; ensure that digging and lifting tasks do not exceed the equipment's rated load capacity; travel at low speeds on soft ground, and avoid prolonged stationary pivoting (spinning in place) with the tracks to minimize wear on the tracks and support rollers.

3.Precautions for Traveling and Slewing

When moving over long distances, travel in a straight line at a low speed whenever possible to minimize the frequency of turns; when slewing (rotating), decelerate in advance; strictly prohibit high-speed slewing that results in the bucket or machine body striking soil embankments or walls.

Ⅲ.Hydraulic System Maintenance (The Excavator's Critical and Vulnerable Core)

1.Timely Replacement of Fluids and Filters

Strictly adhere to the manufacturer's manual regarding the scheduled replacement intervals for hydraulic fluid, engine oil, and gear oil; simultaneously replace the corresponding oil filters, hydraulic filters, diesel fuel filters, and air filters; never mix fluids or oils from different brands.

2.Preventing Fluid Contamination

Ensure that all tools used for refueling or fluid replenishment are clean, and verify that the caps for the fuel tank and hydraulic reservoir are properly sealed; prevent mud, water, or dust from entering the fluid lines; immediately replace any damaged hydraulic hoses to prevent air ingestion or the entry of contaminants into the system.

3.Avoid High Temperatures

During high-temperature summer operations, closely monitor hydraulic oil and water temperatures; if temperatures exceed safe limits, immediately shut down the machine to allow it to cool. Clean dust, cottonwood fluff, and dirt from the radiator surface to ensure unimpeded heat dissipation.

Ⅳ.Lubrication and Sealing (Minimizing Dry Friction and Leakage)

Apply grease at scheduled intervals, specific locations, and prescribed quantities in accordance with the equipment lubrication chart. Particular attention should be paid to the boom, arm, bucket pins, swing bearing, and travel bearings. Promptly repair any seals exhibiting minor oil seepage; delaying the repair of small leaks can lead to the rapid deterioration of oil seals and bushings.

Ⅴ.Operating Environment and Site Protection

1.After working in muddy or waterlogged conditions, promptly clean the undercarriage and tracks to prevent corrosion and to keep mud and debris from jamming components.

2.When working in areas containing gravel or sharp objects, ensure adequate protection for hydraulic hoses and wiring harnesses to prevent them from being scraped or punctured.

3.During the rainy season, take precautions against rain and moisture, ensuring that electrical connectors and controllers are protected from water ingress; in environments exposed to intense sunlight, consider covering the cab and hydraulic oil tank.

Ⅵ.Routine Maintenance and Troubleshooting

1. Adhere to the prescribed maintenance schedule based on operating hours; ensure that minor maintenance tasks are performed promptly and major maintenance is executed strictly according to regulations, and maintain comprehensive maintenance records.

2. In the event of malfunctions—such as abnormal noises, vibrations, jerky movements, oil leaks, or a loss of power—immediately shut down the equipment to conduct an investigation; operating the machine while it is in a faulty condition will accelerate overall wear and damage.

3. Extended Idleness (exceeding one month): Start the machine once a week and allow it to idle for 10 to 15 minutes, exercising all hydraulic functions to prevent component corrosion and sediment accumulation within the hydraulic lines.

Ⅶ.Fuel and Electrical Systems

Use only standard, high-quality diesel fuel; inferior fuel can easily clog fuel lines and damage fuel injectors. Regularly drain accumulated water from the fuel-water separator.

Keep battery terminals dry and free of corrosion. Ensure wiring is neatly organized and securely fastened to prevent abrasion, damage, and short circuits.